The NHS Long-Term Plan (2025) paints a compelling picture, with more care closer to home, more prevention before crisis, and more personalised, digital access. Physiotherapy already sits within this vision, not at its edges, but often at its heart.

The question now is whether this latest plan will create the conditions to realise that potential,  translating into more jobs, clearer roles, and meaningful leadership opportunities? Or will the profession remain ready but underutilised, valued in principle yet constrained in practice?

This blog is shaped by my roles working as a Consultant Physiotherapist in Primary Care and Assistant Professor at Coventry University, where I lead the BSc Physiotherapy Apprenticeship and First Contact Practitioner (FCP) programme. I’ve also previously worked at national level as a clinical lead, which gave me the chance to see how strategy, workforce, and frontline delivery connect………….. and where they don’t.

These reflections aren’t offered as answers, but as prompts, shaped by practice, informed by policy, and grounded in collaborative conversations. I hope the blog provides space for reflection, especially for those asking what it will take to move from professional readiness to meaningful system impact.

 

We’ve Been Here Before

The 2025 Plan echoes themes from The Five Year Forward View (2014), the 2019 NHS Long Term Plan, and Core20PLUS5:

• Prevention-first models
• Digitally enabled access
• Tackling health inequalities
• Empowering patients in communities

Yet the same questions persist.

As Ash James, Director of Practice and Development at the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy (CSP), notes:

“There are not enough jobs in the NHS for physios, when they’re vitally needed.” (CSP, 2025)

Despite bold ambitions, workforce integration has lagged behind. Roles like FCPs and APPs are endorsed, but not consistently commissioned. Prevention is prioritised in policy,  but underfunded in practice (NHS Confederation, 2025).

 

Where Physiotherapy Already Stands

Physiotherapy is already delivering on what the new Plan describes:

• Community-based rehabilitation: including frailty, falls, neuro, respiratory, and post-COVID rehab
• Digital-first triage and management: particularly for MSK via the NHS App
• School, youth and workplace interventions: supporting early prevention and return-to-work models
• Expanded clinical roles: including FCPs, Advanced Practice Physiotherapists (APPs), Consultant Physiotherapists, and the emerging Enhanced Clinical Practitioner (ECP) profile

 

But the disconnect remains:

• Workforce planning does not reflect this breadth
• Referral systems often ignore or bypass these roles
• Commissioning structures remain acute-centric, limiting career pathways and equitable access (Ham et al., 2020)

 

What Has Gone Wrong Before? Six Systemic Lessons

To move forward, we must reflect. These recurring system-level issues have historically hindered physiotherapy’s progression:

 

1. Reframing Without Rewiring

Policies have reiterated prevention for over a decade, but funding models continue to favour acute care.

“Only 5% of NHS spending is allocated to prevention, despite 40% of ill health being preventable” (Public Health England, 2020)

2. Policy Timescales vs Clinical Headroom

10-year visions don’t always resonate with overstretched staff working in daily crisis response.

“Nearly 43% of AHPs report burnout symptoms, limiting capacity for innovation” (CSP Member Survey, 2023)

3. Pilot Culture Without Embedding

Innovative physio-led services often remain “pilot-only”, without clear routes to scale.

“Just 28% of pilots for rehab or prevention-based models are recommissioned beyond two years” (Health Foundation, 2023).

4. Top-Down Strategy, Bottom-Up Fatigue

Without genuine engagement, national visions can feel imposed.

“70% of CSP respondents said local insight was not reflected in regional planning decisions” (CSP, 2024).

5. Named, But Not Enabled

Physio roles are often mentioned in documents but left unsupported in infrastructure.

“Only 14% of ICBs have a physiotherapy lead at board level” (CSP Workforce Audit, 2024).

6. Counting Activity, Not Impact

The system measures volume, not outcomes.

“Success metrics rarely reflect patient confidence, independence, or equity ,core outcomes of physiotherapy” (Robinson, 2025).

What Could Be Different This Time?

This plan introduces not just ambition, but potential architecture for change. If leveraged correctly, it could shift the dial. Here’s how:

 1. Neighbourhood Health Hubs:- From Promise to Platform

The plan outlines the development of 250–300 Neighbourhood Health Hubs, envisioned as multidisciplinary centres for prevention, early intervention, and community diagnostics (NHS England, 2025). Nurses are currently proposed as default leads, but physiotherapists are explicitly referenced as part of delivery.

This raises a critical question:

“Shouldn’t our education strategy prepare AHPs and nurses equally to lead these spaces? Physiotherapists have the skills to co-lead, if system design, L&D principles, and commissioning enable that”?

 

 2. Self-Referral via NHS App:-Unlocking Earlier Access

The Plan promises wider MSK self-referral through the NHS App, potentially streamlining patient pathways, however, uptake depends on digital design, inclusion, and health and digital literacy. Physiotherapists must help co-design interfaces and communication strategies that match generational preferences and avoid widening access gaps.

In digitally excluded areas, only 45% of adults access app-based health services (ONS, 2024).

 

3. £4 Billion Public Health Investment:-Making Prevention Tangible

A significant uplift is allocated to prevention and place-based care, including community movement and reablement. We know that Physios can lead local initiatives, from school readiness to active ageing. To move this forward, funding must move from competitive pilots to mainstream commissioning.

Community physio interventions have shown 27% reductions in falls-related hospital admissions (NICE, 2023).

 

4. WorkWell Pilot Expansion:- Rehab That Reaches the Workplace

The Plan scales the WorkWell scheme, embedding physios in health-employment partnerships to reduce absenteeism, which supports physiotherapy’s cross-sector leadership. Physios here bridge physical health, productivity, and economic wellbeing,  a whole-population value proposition.

MSK conditions are the leading cause of workplace sickness absence, costing £7 billion/year (Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, 2022).

 

 5. ICS Autonomy:- Local Leadership, Local Talent

The move toward Integrated Care Systems shifts commissioning closer to communities. ICSs are now responsible for 80% of NHS spending decisions (NHS Confederation, 2024). This could finally allow physios to shape services with local insight.

To support this we need:

• System literate clinicians
• Local data application
• Infrastructure to protect innovation from attrition

 

Rehabilitation: The System-Ready Core of Physiotherapy

Rehabilitation is no longer a downstream service, it’s central to the NHS Long-Term Plan’s ambition to shift care into communities, reduce pressure on hospitals, and support people to live independently for longer. The Plan explicitly recognises rehabilitation as one of the essential offers within new Neighbourhood Health Hubs, alongside diagnostics, urgent care, and mental health (NHS England, 2025). It signals the need for “joined-up community rehabilitation” and highlights physiotherapy as a critical workforce within that ecosystem.

What’s different this time is that rehab isn’t just mentioned, it’s being structured. The introduction of the Community Rehabilitation Physical Activity Advanced Practice Framework offers a nationally backed set of capabilities for physiotherapists to lead holistic, personalised, and place-based rehab interventions (NHS England, 2025a). This opens a route not just for practice, but for leadership.

So how do we respond?

• Lead in new delivery models: From hospital discharge to home-based rehab, physiotherapists must help design and operationalise Neighbourhood Hub rehab pathways, not wait to be embedded later.

 

• Push for structural commissioning: Evidence-based community rehab, including reablement, falls prevention, and long-term condition management, must move beyond pilots into sustained commissioning. The £4 billion allocated to prevention offers a vehicle to do this (NHS England, 2025).

 

• Measure function and independence: The rehab outcomes that matter, confidence, capability, participation need to shape local metrics and ICS reporting, not just throughput or touchpoints (Robinson, 2025).

 

Rehabilitation isn’t just where physiotherapy belongs,  it’s where the system needs us most. The Plan has opened the door and now we must step into roles that are not only clinically necessary, but system-critical.

 

Education and the Future-Ready Workforce

If physiotherapists are to lead in these new environments, curricula and L&D strategies must adapt:

The CSP’s Learning & Development Principles (2022, under review in 2025) call for:

• Prevention-driven practice
• Equity fluency
• Digital competence
• Lifelong leadership

Education should prepare physios to operate within, and lead, system transformation, not just deliver clinical care.

This means:

• Prioritising work-based learning and apprenticeships
• Embedding leadership, commissioning awareness, and place-based thinking
• Simulating real-world integration in pre-reg and post-reg programmes
• Co-designing with nurses, AHPs, social care and VCSE

 

Health Coaching: Collaborating Without Collapsing Roles

The Plan rightly identifies health coaching as a key part of personalised care,  empowering people to manage their health through behaviour change, shared decision-making, and improved self-efficacy. It builds on a decade of work defining health coach as a distinct role, with its own competency frameworks and structured evaluations (NHS England, 2023).

“Physiotherapists are not trying to replace or replicate this role but we are natural collaborators”.

Physio practice, particularly in MSK, neuro, pain, and return-to-work pathways already involves behaviour change, goal-setting, and motivational approaches. Where health coaches offer upstream activation, physiotherapists can support continuity of coaching through rehab, where functional change and behavioural change intersect (Scott et al., 2024).

 

To avoid role creep and support safe integration, we must:

• Respect professional boundaries: Recognise health coaches as partners, not assistants, and clarify who does what in multidisciplinary teams.

 

• Embed coaching principles, not roles: Many physios are already trained in behaviour change methods. That doesn’t make us coaches but it makes us better collaborators when those roles are aligned.

 

• Co-create pathways: As systems embed health coaches into prevention and reablement models, physiotherapists should be at the table co-designing how and when coaching and clinical interventions intersect.

 

The vision isn’t for physiotherapists to become something else. It’s for all of us to become more system-aware, delivering our part of the pathway with clarity, respect, and a shared goal through helping people build confidence, agency, and sustainable change.

 

From Pilots to Platforms:-Turning Alignment Into Impact

Physiotherapy doesn’t need to prove its relevance to the NHS Long-Term Plan , the alignment is clear, and has been for years. What’s less clear is why that alignment hasn’t yet translated into consistent, scalable system impact.

Because the evidence is already there.

• NHS England has published multiple frameworks on community rehabilitation (NHS England, 2016; NHS England, 2023a), with clear commissioning expectations, yet many ICSs still lack dedicated rehab strategies (CSP Workforce Audit, 2024).

 

• First Contact Physiotherapy pilots have demonstrated strong patient satisfaction, reduced MSK burden on GPs, and enhanced early access (Midlands and Lancashire CSU, 2023), but uptake remains variable and often under-communicated to the public (Greenhalgh et al., 2022).

 

• Integrated respiratory pathways, co-developed across NHS and VCSE sectors, showed improved continuity of care and clinician collaboration,  but faced delays due to commissioning misalignment and governance inertia (Smith et al., 2016).

 

• Prevention-led physio programmes in schools, workplaces, and post-COVID rehab have yielded measurable benefits in falls reduction, return-to-work rates, and hospital avoidance (NICE, 2023; Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, 2022), yet many remain classified as “innovative,” rather than core offer.

 

So the question isn’t “what works?” it’s “what sticks, and why?”

 

What’s Holding Us Back?

Despite policy consistency and clinical evidence, several systemic blockers persist:

• Inconsistent commissioning: National frameworks exist, but application varies by ICS.

 

• Short-cycle thinking: Only 28% of prevention pilots are recommissioned beyond two years (Health Foundation, 2023).

 

• Leadership gaps: Just 14% of ICSs report physiotherapy representation at board level (CSP Workforce Audit, 2024).

 

• Under-defined metrics: Outcomes are still measured in sessions, not sustained recovery (Robinson, 2025).

 

• Siloed innovation: Local services often operate in isolation, disconnected from national rollout.

 

What Can Move Us Forward?

If we’re serious about turning alignment into action, we must work across three fronts:

• Scale What Already Works: Move proven models, like community rehab, FCP, and workplace physio from pilots to platforms, using the £4 billion prevention allocation as a commissioning catalyst (NHS England, 2025).

 

• Build Infrastructure for Sustainability: Invest in system leadership roles, cross-sector training, and shared rehab outcomes that reward function, not just flow (NHS England, 2025a; CSP, 2023).

 

• Lead With Others, Not Over Them: Embed physios in multi-agency teams, Neighbourhood Health Hubs, and coaching frameworks, with role clarity, co-design, and system literacy at the core (Scott et al., 2024).

 

The opportunity isn’t just to align with policy; it’s to shape how that policy becomes real. Physiotherapists have the evidence, the education, and the reach to lead across prevention, rehabilitation, and recovery. Leadership now means more than clinical excellence,  it involves shaping commissioning priorities, influencing system design, and being present at the tables where services are imagined.

To make this meaningful and lasting, we need a sustainable workforce pipeline,  one that stretches from undergraduate education through to consultant practice, supported by funded roles, clear career progression, and strategic workforce planning. This is how we move from temporary alignment to lasting integration,  through leadership, evidence, and structure that holds.

As always, thank you for reading.

For those interested in deeper reflections on clinical reasoning, systems thinking, and the poetic heartbeat of MSK and primary care, my book Clinical Reasoning: Rhymes, Reflection & Reason explores these ideas through poetry, narrative, and practical insight. Available on Amazon <<HERE>>

 

References

Chartered Society of Physiotherapy. (2023). Workforce attrition and burnout survey findings. CSP.

Chartered Society of Physiotherapy. (2024). Workforce audit: ICS leadership and commissioning insight. CSP.

Chartered Society of Physiotherapy. (2025). Member feedback on workforce and commissioning gaps. CSP.

Core20PLUS5. (2022). Reducing health inequalities framework. NHS England.

Elwyn, G., Frosch, D., & Kobrin, S. (2012). Shared decision-making: A model for clinical practice. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 27(10), 1361–1367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-012-2077-6

Greenhalgh, T., Vijayaraghavan, S., Wherton, J., et al. (2022). FCP patient access and experience review. Primary Care Research Journal.

Ham, C., Baird, B., Gregory, S., & Jabbal, J. (2020). Integrated care systems: Lessons and levers. The King’s Fund.

Health Foundation. (2023). From pilots to platforms: Scaling community health models. https://www.health.org.uk/publications

James, A. (2025). Physiotherapy and the workforce paradox: Why recognition still lags behind. CSP Blog. https://www.csp.org.uk/blogs

Midlands and Lancashire Commissioning Support Unit. (2023). Positive impact of physiotherapy pilot programme. https://www.midlandsandlancashirecsu.nhs.uk

Marmot, M. (2010). Fair society, healthy lives: The Marmot review. Institute of Health Equity.

NHS Confederation. (2024). ICS commissioning powers and workforce design. https://www.nhsconfed.org

NHS Confederation. (2025). Rebalancing prevention and acute care: Policy implications. https://www.nhsconfed.org

NHS England. (2016). Commissioning guidance for rehabilitation. https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/rehabilitation-comms-guid-16-17.pdf

NHS England. (2022). AHP health inequalities framework. https://www.england.nhs.uk

NHS England. (2023). Health coaching pilot evaluation. https://www.england.nhs.uk/publication/health-coaching-evaluation

NHS England. (2023a). Community rehabilitation and reablement model: Strategic guidance. https://www.england.nhs.uk/publication/community-rehabilitation-model-guidance

NHS England. (2025). Fit for the future: NHS Long-Term Plan. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/10-year-health-plan-for-england-fit-for-the-future

NHS England. (2025a). Community rehabilitation physical activity for people with long-term conditions: Advanced practice capability and curriculum framework. https://advanced-practice.hee.nhs.uk

NICE. (2023). Falls prevention impact review: Community physiotherapy outcomes. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.

Office for Health Improvement and Disparities. (2022). Workplace MSK burden and productivity analysis. https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/office-for-health-improvement-and-disparities

ONS. (2024). Digital access and health literacy by UK region. Office for National Statistics.

Public Health England. (2020). Health profile for England: Prevention metrics. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/health-profile-for-england-2020

Robinson, F. (2025). Physiotherapy ROI in MSK care. CSP Research Series.

Scott, J., Williams, A., & Deeley, L. (2024). Health coaching and older adult outcomes: A mixed-methods review. BMC Public Health, 24(3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-17123-w

Smith, R., Carter, D., & Jones, H. (2016). Integrating care between an NHS hospital, a community provider and the role of commissioning: The experience of developing an integrated respiratory service. Journal of Integrated Care, 24(2), 85–94. https://doi.org/10.1108/JICA-02-2016-0004